Lead Sponsor: Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Collaborators: University of Southern California, University of California, San Diego, Mayo Clinic, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, University of Rochester, Emory University, University of California, San Francisco, Vanderbilt University, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Cincinnati, Stanford University, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University of Miami, University of Iowa, University of Texas, University of Michigan, The Cleveland Clinic, University of Utah, University of California, Irvine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Oregon Health and Science University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Virginia, Augusta University, Duke University, University of Colorado, Denver, University of Washington, Johns Hopkins University, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple University, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Charing Cross Hospital, University of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Nebraska, University of North Carolina, University of Sydney, North American Airway Collaborative, Loma Linda University, Ohio State University, Landspitali University Hospital, Bastian Voice Institute, NYU Langone Health

Intervention / Treatment: PROCEDURE: Tracheal Resection, PROCEDURE: Endoscopic dilation of subglottic stenosis, PROCEDURE: Endoscopic resection of the stenosis

Lead Sponsor: University of California, San Francisco

Intervention / Treatment: DRUG: Mitomycin -C, OTHER: Saline application

Lead Sponsor: University of California, San Francisco

Intervention / Treatment: DEVICE: Transnasal Flexible Endoscopy with Narrowband Imaging, DEVICE: Direct Rigid Endoscopy